Transcription factors have already been proposed to work on some human diseases. Yet the role of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in cerebral palsy (CP) remains elusive. This study intends to examine the mechanism of TCTP on CP by regulating microRNA-200a (miR-200a).CP models of rats were established referring to the internationally recognized improved hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy modeling method. The neuroethology of rats, ultrastructure and pathological condition in brain tissues of rats were observed through several assays. The expression of TCTP, miR-200a, myelin transcription factor 1-like (Myt1L), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with apoptosis in brain tissues of rats was detected. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in brain tissues of rats were determined. The binding site between miR-200a and Myt1L was analyzed.TCTP and Myt1L were overexpressed and miR-200a was under-expressed in CP rats. Elevated miR-200a ameliorated neurobehavior of CP rats and pathological injury in brain tissues. Elevated miR-200a up-regulated TH, GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD levels, down-regulated iNOS, ROS, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in brain tissues of CP rats. Myt1L was a target gene of miR-200a.Altogether, our study suggested that diminution of transcription factor TCTP up-regulates miR-200a to limit Myt1L expression, thereby improving neurobehavior and oxidative stress injury in CP rats.