YB1 is a negative regulator in liver fibrosis. We wondered whether SJYB1， a homologous protein of YB1 from Schistosoma japonicum， has an effect on liver fibrosis in vitro. Recombinant SJYB1 (rSJYB1) protein was expressed in a bacterial system and purified by Ni-NTA His·Bind Resin. A human hepatic stellate cell line， the LX-2 cell line， was cultured and treated with rSJYB1. The role of rSJYB1 on LX-2 cells was then analysed by Western blot and luciferase assay. We succeeded in expressing and purifying SJYB1 in a bacterial system and the purified rSJYB1 could be recognized by S japonicum-infected rabbit sera. Western bolt analysis showed that rSJYB1 inhibited the expression of collagen type I， but had little effect on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Further analysis revealed that rSJYB1 inhibited the activity of collagen α1 (I) (COL1A1) promoter and functioned at -1592/-1176 region of COL1A1 promoter. Our data demonstrate that rSJYB1-mediated anti-fibrotic activity involves inhibiting the activity of COL1A1 promoter and subsequently suppressing the expression of collagen type I in hepatic stellate cells.