Antimicrobial peptides are one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics for targeting pathogens without
developing resistance. In this study, pore formation in 1,2-Dimyristoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) /
cholesterol liposome induced by native melittin, its two mutant variants (G1I and I17 K), and cecropin P1 was
investigated by monitoring the dynamics of fluorescence dye leakage. A critical peptide concentration was required
for dye leakage with the rate of leakage being dependent on peptide concentration above a critical value.
A lag time was required for dye leakage for low peptide concentrations that are above the critical value, which
decreased at higher peptide concentrations eventua... More
Antimicrobial peptides are one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics for targeting pathogens without
developing resistance. In this study, pore formation in 1,2-Dimyristoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) /
cholesterol liposome induced by native melittin, its two mutant variants (G1I and I17 K), and cecropin P1 was
investigated by monitoring the dynamics of fluorescence dye leakage. A critical peptide concentration was required
for dye leakage with the rate of leakage being dependent on peptide concentration above a critical value.
A lag time was required for dye leakage for low peptide concentrations that are above the critical value, which
decreased at higher peptide concentrations eventually approaching zero. Lag time was found to be in the order
I17 K mutant with lower hydrophobicity and higher net charge > G1I with higher hydrophobicity >
melittin > cecropin P1. Cecropin P1 exhibited the highest rate of dye leakage followed by melittin, G1I, and
I17 K. Size distribution and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of liposomes exposed to peptides of different
concentrations indicated pore formation with accompanied stretching of liposomes at low peptide concentrations
for both melittin and cecropin P1. At much higher concentrations, however, size distribution indicated
three peaks for both peptides. In both cases, TEM images show that the middle and small peaks are
shown to be due to stretched liposome and broken stretched liposome respectively. For melittin, the large peak is
due to peptide aggregates as well as aggregates of liposome. For cecropin P1, however, the large peak indicates
cecropin P1 aggregates with solubilized lipids thus suggesting carpet mechanism.