The non-canonical NF-κB signaling may be a central integrator of a placental clock that governs the length of human pregnancy. We sought to identify fetal signals that could activate this NF-κB pathway in the placenta， and in turn， contribute to the onset of labor. Proteomics analysis of exosomes purified from fetal cord arterial blood revealed a total of 328 proteins， among which 48 were more significantly abundant (p < 0.01) in samples from women who delivered following elective Cesarean-section at term (39 to 40 weeks of estimated gestational age， EGA) compared to those who had elective Cesarean deliveries near term (35 to 36 weeks of EGA). Computational， crystal structural， and gene functional analyses showed that one of these 48 proteins， C4BPA， binds to CD40 of placental villous trophoblast to activate p100 processing to p52， and in turn， pro-labor genes. These results suggest that fetal C4BPA-induced activation of non-canonical NF-κB in human placenta may play a critical role in processes of term or preterm labor.