Overexpression of the B7-H1 (PD-L1) molecule in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major immune evasion mechanism in some patients with cancer， and antibody blockade of the B7-H1/PD-1 interaction can normalize compromised immunity without excessive side-effects. Using a genome-scale T cell activity array， we identified Siglec-15 as a critical immune suppressor. While only expressed on some myeloid cells normally， Siglec-15 is broadly upregulated on human cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells， and its expression is mutually exclusive to B7-H1， partially due to its induction by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and downregulation by IFN-γ. We demonstrate that Siglec-15 suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Genetic ablation or antibody blockade of Siglec-15 amplifies anti-tumor immunity in the TME and inhibits tumor growth in some mouse models. Taken together， our results support Siglec-15 as a potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy.