Products/Services Used | Details | Operation |
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Peptide Synthesis> | DMEM, trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), PBS, Penicillin-Streptomycin and sodium pyruvate were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA). Peptide ligands were custom synthesized by Genscript (Piscataway, NJ) at greater than 95% purity. Thrombin was purchased from Calbiochem (Oakville, ON), coelanterazine-h was from Nanolight Technology (Pinetop, AZ). All antibodies (anti-β-arrestin-1/-2, anti-RhoA, anti-actin, anti-rabbit-HRP) used in this study were purchased from Cell Signalling Technologies. YM254890 was from Wako chemicals (Richmond, VA), GSK269962 was from Tocris (Oakville, ON) and all other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON). | Get A Quote |
Proteinase-Activated Receptors (PARs) are a four-member family of G-protein coupled receptors that are activated via proteolysis. PAR4 is a member of this family that is cleaved and activated by serine proteinases such as thrombin, trypsin and cathepsin-G. PAR4 is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types including platelets, vascular smooth muscle cells and neuronal cells. In studying PAR4 signalling and trafficking, we observed dynamic changes in the cell membrane with spherical membrane protrusions that resemble plasma membrane blebbing. Since non-apoptotic membrane blebbing is now recognized as an important regulator of cell migration, cancer cell invasion, and vesicular content release we sought to ... More