CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) is a tightly regulated anion channel that mediates chloride and bicarbonate conductance in many epithelia and in other tissues, but whether its regulation varies depending on the cell type has not been investigated. Epithelial CFTR expression is highest in rare cells called ionocytes. We studied CFTR regulation in control and ionocyte-enriched cultures by transducing bronchial basal cells with adenoviruses that encode only or (forkhead box I1) +  as separate polypeptides. FOXI1 dramatically increased the number of transcripts for ionocyte markers (Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 3), , , , , and without altering those for secretory (), basal (, , ), goblet (), or ciliated () cells. The number of cells displaying strong FOXI1 expression was increased 7-fold, and there was no evidence for a broad increase in background immunofluorescence. Total mRNA and protein levels increased 10-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively. Ionocyte-enriched cultures displayed elevated basal current, increased adenylyl cyclase 5 expression, and tonic suppression of CFTR activity by the phosphodiesterase PDE1C, which has not been shown previously to regulate CFTR activity. The results indicate that CFTR regulation depends on cell type and identifies PDE1C as a potential target for therapeutics that aim to increase CFTR function specifically in ionocytes.