The innate immune system plays a central role in the immune-mediated pathology of multiple sclerosis， and is a therapeutic target for progressive disease. Recently， it has been demonstrated that MIS416， a novel immunomodulatory microparticle that activates NOD-2 and TLR-9-signaling， has disease-modifying activity in multiple sclerosis models. This activity is dependent on innate IFN-γ; however， the precise immune regulatory mechanisms amplified by MIS416 have not previously been determined. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model， MIS416 treatment was associated with IFN-γ-dependant expansion of Treg number and increased suppressive function; however， these cells did not account for disease reduction. Additionally， MIS416 treatment stimulated increased nitric oxide production that was IFN-γ-dependant but dispensable for protection. Finally， MIS416-mediated protection was shown to correlate with IFN-γ-dependant expansion of PDL-1-expressing peripheral myeloid cells， a subset of which was found to be selectively recruited to the brain. This central nervous system trafficking was independent of neuro-inflammatory signals as it occurred in MIS416-treated healthy mice. Together， these findings provide insight into regulatory myeloid cell activities amplified by MIS416-mediated NOD-2 and TLR-9 signalling and highlight the potential importance of these cells in accessing the brain where they may act locally and contribute to the control of neuroinflammation.