In human epidermal growth factor 2-positive breast cancer (HER2BC)， neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-HER2-targeted therapy (nCT) achieves a complete pathologic response (pCR) in 40-67% of patients. Posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) is considered the gold standard， with high specificity but lower sensitivity for assessing response. The authors previously determined that anti-HER2Th1 immune response is associated with pathologic response after nCT in HER2BC patients. This study contrasted pMRI with anti-HER2Th1 response for assessing pCR in HER2BC.